| Apertochrysa | |
|---|---|
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| Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota | 
| Kingdom: | Animalia | 
| Phylum: | Arthropoda | 
| Class: | Insecta | 
| Order: | Neuroptera | 
| Family: | Chrysopidae | 
| Subfamily: | Chrysopinae | 
| Tribe: | Chrysopini | 
| Genus: | Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966  | 
| Diversity | |
| 183 described species | |
| Synonyms[1][2] | |
  | |
Apertochrysa is a genus of green lacewings in the family Chrysopidae. There are 183 described species in the genus.[2]
Taxonomy
This genus was originally described in 1990 by Xing-ke Yang and Chi-kun Yang under the name of Navasius. The name was a junior homonym of Navasius Esben-Petersen, 1936, a species of antlion, so a replacement name of Dichochrysa was proposed by Yang in 1991.[3] However, a ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature instead maintained priority of the name Pseudomallada Tsukaguchi, 1995, thereby renaming the species previously described under the name of Dichochrysa.[1] Further taxonomic work in 2021 by Breitkreuz, Duelli, and Oswald synonymized those genera under Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966.[2]
Distribution
Apertochrysa is a subcosmopolitan genus.[2] The majority of species are known from the Palearctic region, particularly from the continents of Asia and Africa.[4]
Species
The following 183 species are currently classified under Apertochrysa:[2]
- A. abdominalis (Brauer, 1856)
 - A. aegyptiaca (Navás, 1915)
 - A. afghanica (Hölzel, 1973)
 - A. alarconi (Navás, 1915)
 - A. albofrontata (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
 - A. alcestes (Banks, 1911)
 - A. alliumolens (Hölzel et al., 1997)
 - A. allochroma (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
 - A. alviolata (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
 - A. amseli (Hölzel, 1980)
 - A. ancistroidea (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
 - A. angustivittata (Dong et al., 2004)
 - A. anomala (Tillyard, 1917)
 - A. arabica (Hölzel, 1995)
 - A. arcuata (Dong et al., 2004)
 - A. ariadne (Hölzel, 1978)
 - A. aromatica (C.-k. Yang & X.-k. Yang, 1989)
 - A. aspersa (Wesmael, 1841)
 - A. astur (Banks, 1937)
 - A. atrosparsa (Tjeder, 1966)
 - A. australis (New, 1980)
 - A. barkamana (C.-k. Yang et al., 1992)
 - A. baronissa (Navás, 1921)
 - A. basuto (Tjeder, 1966)
 - A. benedictae (Séméria, 1976)
 - A. bibens (Hölzel et al., 1997)
 - A. birungana (Navás, 1924)
 - A. brachychela (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
 - A. budongensis (Hölzel, 2001)
 - A. caffer (Tjeder, 1966)
 - A. carinata (Dong et al., 2004)
 - A. chailensis (Ghosh, 1977)
 - A. chaoi (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
 - A. chlorella (Navás, 1914)
 - A. chloris (Schneider, 1851)
 - A. choui (C.-k. Yang & X.-k. Yang, 1989)
 - A. clathrata (Schneider, 1845)
 - A. cognatella (Okamoto, 1914)
 - A. collartina (Navás, 1932)
 - A. congolana (Navás, 1911)
 - A. cordata (X.-x. Wang & C.-k. Yang, 1992)
 - A. cyprina (Navás, 1932)
 - A. decaryna (Navás, 1924)
 - A. decolor (Navás, 1914)
 - A. decolor (Navás, 1936) (unreplaced junior homonym)
 - A. deqenana (C.-k. Yang et al., 1992)
 - A. derbendica (Hölzel, 1967)
 - A. deserta (Navás, 1912)
 - A. diaphana (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
 - A. dubia (Hölzel 1973)
 - A. duplicata (Navás, 1934)
 - A. edwardsi (Banks, 1940)
 - A. epunctata (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
 - A. eremita (Kimmins, 1955)
 - A. estriata (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
 - A. eumorpha (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
 - A. eurydera (Navás, 1910)
 - A. fanjingana (C.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang, 1988)
 - A. flammefrontata (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
 - A. flavifrons (Brauer, 1851)
 - A. flavinotala (Dong et al., 2004)
 - A. flexuosa (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
 - A. forcipata (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1993)
 - A. formosana (Matsumura, 1910)
 - A. fortunata (McLachlan, 1882)
 - A. fuscineura (C.-k. Yang et al., 1992)
 - A. genei (Rambur, 1842)
 - A. gradata (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1993)
 - A. granadensis (Pictet, 1865)
 - A. gravesi (Navás, 1926)
 - A. gunvorae (Tjeder, 1966)
 - A. hadimensis (Canbulat & Kiyak, 2005)
 - A. hainana (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
 - A. hamata (Tjeder, 1966)
 - A. handschini (Navás, 1929)
 - A. healdi (Navás, 1926)
 - A. hespera (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
 - A. heudei (Navás, 1934)
 - A. hospitalis (Hölzel & Ohm, 1995)
 - A. huashanensis (C.-k. Yang & X.-k. Yang, 1989)
 - A. hubeiana (C.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang, 1990)
 - A. iberica (Navás, 1903)
 - A. ifranina (Navás, 1936)
 - A. ignea (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
 - A. illota (Navás, 1908)
 - A. incongrua (Fraser, 1951)
 - A. incrassata (Tjeder, 1966)
 - A. ingae (Tjeder, 1966)
 - A. iniqua (Navás, 1931)
 - A. inopinata (Hölzel & Ohm, 1995)
 - A. inornata (Navás, 1901)
 - A. irrorella (Navás, 1936)
 - A. jiuzhaigouana (X.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang in X.-k. Yang et al., 2005)
 - A. joannisi (Navás, 1910)
 - A. karooensis (Hölzel, 1993)
 - A. kiangsuensis (Navás, 1934)
 - A. kibonotoensis (van der Weele, 1910)
 - A. kinnaurensis (Gosh, 1977)
 - A. leai (Tillyard, 1917)
 - A. lii (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
 - A. longwangshana (X.-k. Yang, 1998)
 - A. lophophora (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
 - A. luaboensis (Tjeder, 1966)
 - A. luctuosa (Banks, 1911)
 - A. macleodi (Adams and Garland, 1983)
 - A. maghrebina (Hölzel & Ohm, 1984)
 - A. makrana (Hölzel, 1966)
 - A. mangkangensis (Dong et al., 2004)
 - A. marchionissa (Navás, 1915)
 - A. mauriciana (Hölzel & Ohm, 1991)
 - A. mediata (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1993)
 - A. medogana (C.-k. Yang et al. in Huang et al., 1988)
 - A. melanopis (Navás, 1914)
 - A. militaris (Hölzel & Ohm, 2000)
 - A. mira (Hölzel, 1973)
 - A. namibensis (Hölzel, 1993)
 - A. nautarum (Tillyard, 1917)
 - A. nicolaina (Navás, 1929)
 - A. nigra (McLachlan, 1869)
 - A. nigricornuta (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
 - A. norfolkensis (Tillyard, 1917)
 - A. nubilata (Navás, 1910)
 - A. nyassalandica (Navás, 1914)
 - A. oralis (Navás, 1914)
 - A. parabola (Okamoto, 1919)
 - A. perfecta (Banks, 1895)
 - A. perpallida (Tjeder, 1966)
 - A. pervenosa (Tjeder, 1966)
 - A. phantosula (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
 - A. phlebia (Navas, 1927)
 - A. physophlebia (Navas, 1914)
 - A. picteti (McLachlan, 1880)
 - A. pieli (Navás, 1931)
 - A. pilinota (Dong et al., 2004)
 - A. prasina (Burmeister, 1839)
 - A. pulchrina (Tjeder, 1966)
 - A. puncticollis (Banks, 1940)
 - A. punctilabris (McLachlan, 1894)
 - A. punctithorax (New, 1980)
 - A. qingchengshana (C.-k. Yang et al., 1992)
 - A. qinlingensis (C.-k. Yang & X.-k. Yang, 1989)
 - A. raedarii (Hölzel & Ohm, 2000)
 - A. rothschildi (Navás, 1915)
 - A. rubicunda (Hölzel, 1993)
 - A. rubra (Hölzel et al., 1994)
 - A. sana (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
 - A. sansibarica (Kolbe, 1897)
 - A. selenia (Navás, 1912)
 - A. sensitiva (Tjeder, 1940)
 - A. setosa (Hölzel & Ohm, 1995)
 - A. sierra (Banks, 1924)
 - A. spadix (Hölzel, 1988)
 - A. spissinervis (Tjeder, 1966)
 - A. subcostalis (McLachlan, 1882)
 - A. subcubitalis (Navás, 1901)
 - A. subflavifrons (Tjeder, 1949)
 - A. sybaritica (McLachlan in Fedchenko, 1875)
 - A. tacta (Navás, 1921)
 - A. teiresias (Hölzel & Ohm, 1982)
 - A. triactinata (New, 1980)
 - A. triangularis (Adams, 1978)
 - A. triangularis (C.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang, 1994) (unreplaced junior homonym)
 - A. tridentata (X.-k. Yang & C.-k. Yang, 1990)
 - A. truncatata (X.-k. Yang et al. in X.-k. Yang et al., 2005)
 - A. umbrosa (Navás, 1914)
 - A. ussuriensis (Makarkin, 1985)
 - A. varians (Kimmins, 1959)
 - A. venosa (Rambur, 1838)
 - A. venosella (Esben-Petersen, 1920)
 - A. ventralis (Curtis, 1834)
 - A. venusta (Hölzel, 1974)
 - A. verna (C.-k. Yang & X.-k. Yang, 1989)
 - A. viridifrons (Hölzel & Ohm, 1999)
 - A. vitticlypea (C.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang, 1990)
 - A. waitei (Tillyard, 1917)
 - A. wangi (C.-k. Yang et al., 1992)
 - A. wuchangana (C.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang, 1990)
 - A. xiamenana (C.-k. Yang et al., 1999)
 - A. yangi (X.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang in X.-k. Yang et al., 2005)
 - A. yunnana (C.-k. Yang & X.-x. Wang, 1994)
 - A. yuxianensis (Bian & Li, 1992)
 - A. zelleri (Schneider, 1851)
 - A. zulu (Tjeder, 1966)
 
References
- 1 2 "Opinion 2254 (Case 3399) Dichochrysa Yang, 1991 (Insecta, Neuroptera): generic name not conserved". The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 67 (3): 261–262. 2010. doi:10.21805/bzn.v67i3.a4. S2CID 80717626.
 - 1 2 3 4 5 Breitkreuz, Laura; Duelli, Peter; Oswald, John D. (2021). "Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966, a new senior synonym of Pseudomallada Tsukaguchi, 1995 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae: Chrysopini)". Zootaxa. 4966 (2): 215–225. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.8. PMID 34186621. S2CID 235505041.
 - ↑ Xingke, Yang (1994). "The revision on species of genus Dichochrysa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from China". Entomotaxonomia. 17 (Suppl): 26–34. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
 - ↑ Kang-zhen, Dong; Li Wen-zhu; Cui Jun-zhi; Yang Xing-ke (2004). "Three new species of Dichochrysa (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from China, with a checkist of Chinese Dichochrysa" (PDF). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 52 (1): 67–74. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
 
Further reading
- Brooks, S. J.; Barnard, Peter C. (1990). "The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)". Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). 59 (2): 117–286. ISSN 0524-6431.
 - New, T. R. (1975). "The biology of Chrysopidae and Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera), with reference to their usage as biocontrol agents: a review". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 127 (2): 115–140. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1975.tb00561.x.
 - Penny, Norman D.; Adans, Phillip A.; Stange, Lionel A. (1997). "Species catalog of the Neuroptera, Megaloptera and Raphidioptera of America north of Mexico". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. Fourth Series. 50: 39–114.
 
External links
 Media related to Pseudomallada at Wikimedia Commons
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